Kana zvasvika pakutsvaga kutamba kwemitambo, vatambi vanoedza chero chinhu chero chipi zvacho kubva pakushandisa maitiro ekudzidzira nekuvandudza maitiro, kugadzirisa kudya uye kushambadzira, kudzidziswa pahupamusoro uye kushandisa masayendisiti emagariro ekutenderera mune tariro yekuwana yakanaka yekushanda mafomu. Zvinosuruvarisa, vatambi vakawanda vanoedza kutora izvi kune imwe nhamba yakanyanyisa, uye mune dzimwe nguva mungozi.
Dzimwe nzira dzekusimudzira kushanda dzinokakavadzana, uye masangano emitambo akawanda akadzivisa maitiro chaiwo pakati pemakwikwi nevashambadzi vezvemitambo.
Imwe nzira yakadai yekuwana maitiro ekugadzirisa inoshandisa muviri wekodzero yekushandisa, kubudisa uye kutakura okisijeni kumasumbu anoshanda. Iyi tsika ndiyo inowanzobatanidzwa nevatambi vatsungirira, uye vanofambisa mabhasikoro vave vari ivo vakawanda mukuona kwemaitiro anonzi 'ropa doping.'
Chii Chinonzi Doping Ropa?
Ropa doping ndiyo nzira yekuwedzera mitambo yevashandi kuburikidza nekuwedzera chimiro chemutambi wesero rekutsvaga reropa (RBC) count. Nemhaka yokuti masero matsvuku eropa anotakura oksijeni kumisungo, kuva nepamusoro yeRBC count inogona kukurudzira zvakanakisa mutambi wacho aerobic simba uye kunonoka kuneta. Vatambi vari kutsvaga nzira yekusimudzira RBC yavo pakutanga yakashandurwa kuwedzerwa ropa, apo mutambi akachengetwa uye akaisa zvakare maRBC ake kana maRBC eumwe munhu ane ropa rimwechete.
Iyi tsika inorambidzwa mumitambo yevashandi.
Chii chinonzi Erythropoietin (EPO)?
Imwe nzira yekusimudza zvakanakisa zvikwata zveRBC zvinosanganisira mishonga yakave iyo inangwa yekupomerwa uye kufungidzira pakati penyika yebhasikoro remakwikwi kwemakore anopfuura gumi.
Erythropoietin (EPO) ihomoni inowanzoitika, inokonzerwa neitsvo, iyo inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa.
Iyi hormone inogonawo kugadzirwa uye injove muganda kana zvakananga muropa (intravenously). EPO inogona kushandiswa mune zvekurapa kuunza RBC murwere mumamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana.
Kushandiswa kwePOO yekugadzira sechirongwa chekuwedzera kwemitambo yakatanga kuratidza muna 1980 uye kwakabatanidzwa nemishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka mumakwikwi emakwenzi. Pasinei nokuumbwa kweEOO kuongorora kuongorora muna 2000, vamwe vanoti EPO doping ichiri kupararira mune zvemitambo.
EPO inoshandiswa pabhasikoro yakaita nhau apo Floyd Landis, mutungamiri weTire de France uyo akabudiswa zita rake mushure mekuongororwa kuti aite doping, akareurura kwemakore achishandisa kushandiswa-kuwedzera zvinodhaka. Kupupura kwake kwakapomerawo vamwe vatasvi vemabhiza 17 pamwe naLance Armstrong.
Muna Mbudzi wegore ra2011, Maminitsi makumi matanhatu akapinda mubvunzurudzo neichimbova US Postal Team Rider, Tyler Hamilton umo Hamilton akati akajova EPO pamwe naLance nevamwe vatambi, "mazhinji, kakawanda."
Erythropoietin (EPO) Inokuvadza Here?
Hongu, EPO ine ngozi. EPO injections thicken ropa, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma pamwoyo. Izvi zvinonyanya kukuvadza kana moyo wehutachiona uchinonoka, sezvakaita panguva yekurara. Kuwedzera kwehupamhi, kana kutasvikika, kweropa kunowedzera mukana wekuvhara ropa, kushaya mwoyo, uye kurohwa.
Maererano nebhuku rinonzi Death of Marco Pantani naMat Matt Rendell, vamwe vaifambisa mabhasikoro vanonzi vakagadzika kambani usiku humwechete kumuka uye kumhanya kune mumwe mudzidzisi kwemaminitsi gumi kuti vauye-vatange kupararira kwavo uye kuderedza ngozi dzingangodaro dzekushandisa EPO.
EPO iri pazvinhu zvakarambidzwa zvinongororwa mumakwikwi emakwikwi, uye vatasvi vanogara vachiedzwa kuti vaone kuvepo kwayo. Zvisinei, sezvo mishonga yekuona mishonga ichivandudza, saizvozvowo nzira dzinoshandiswa kudzivisa kuonekwa. Iyi nedzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzakarambidzwa dzekusimudzira mitambo yevashandi vari pasi pekuongororwa nguva dzose nemasangano emitambo.
Bhasikoro iri rave riri mumakore akawanda uye tariro yakawanda yokuti chizvarwa chinotevera chevabhazi vadzo richadzoka kune dzimwe nzira dzisingabatsiri dzekusimudzira kushanda dzinosanganisira kudya, kudya, uye mitambo yepfungwa uye unyanzvi.
Sources:
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Mibvunzo & Mhinduro pane EPO Kuziva.
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). WADA Internatioal Standards.