Vatambi uye vadzidzisi vanowanzofunga nezvekurovedza muviri uye kurangwa kuti vawane unyanzvi hwemitambo. Zvisinei, kudzidziswa kwehutano uye mupfungwa kunogona kunge kwakakosha mukubudirira mune zvemitambo uye muupenyu pane zvemitambo. Chinangwa chemitambo yepfungwa ndechekugadzirisa zvido zvepfungwa uye zvepfungwa zvevatambi. Izvi zvinowedzera hupenyu hwavo hwose uye kunosimbisa zvemitambo yavo yepamitambo kusvika kumazinga akakwirira anokwanisa.
Munhu wose anonzwa kushungurudzika, asi vatambi vakawanda vanoona zvakasiyana-siyana mukati uye kunze kwekumanikidzirwa kuti vawedzere mberi uye kurega kutamba. Masayendisiti ezvesayenzi anobata nevatambi kuti vabatsire kugadzirisa zvinetso izvi, kuvandudza mitambo yavo yekuita, uye kukudziridza mafungiro.
Nhasi, kurovedza unyanzvi hwepfungwa kwakava chikamu chikuru chekutambira kwemitambo semasimba, simba, uye kutsungirira kudzidziswa. Izvi zvinoenderana nekufamba kwepfungwa uye kufarirwa kwekufungisisa, yoga, uye kuratidzika maitiro mumitauro yakawanda. Kutsvakurudza pamusoro pezvipo zvekufunga kufungisisa nezvekutsungirira uye kushungurudzika kwekutarisira kwakaendesa mberi mumunda wemitambo yepfungwa. Uye vatambi vakawanda vanoramba vachibatsirwa nokuwedzera kuwedzera unyanzvi hwepfungwa pakuita maitiro avo ekudzidzisa muviri.
Nhau dzekare
Mhedzisiro yemitambo yepfungwa haisi nyore kuziva. Vamwe vanofunga kuti yakabva mumunda wepfungwa uye vamwe vanotenda kuti yakabva kune bazi rekudzidzira muviri.
Yokutanga kuedza kwakakomba nevatsvakurudzi kuti vaongorore kuti mafungiro emafungiro nemafungiro evashamisi anokanganisa sei mutambo wavo wemitambo unogona kutevedzwa kusvika kuma1920 apo maitiro emitambo akazvitsaurira maitiro aakatanga kubuda muGermany, Russia, neUnited States.
Vakawanda vanofunga Dr. Coleman R. Griffith baba uye muvambi wemitambo yepfungwa sezvatinoziva muUnited States nhasi.
Akasika chikwata chekutsvakurudza uye akadzidzisa dzidzo mumasikirwo emasvomhu kuYunivhesiti yeItaly muma1920 uye akanyora mabhuku maviri akangotarisa chete nezvepfungwa yemitambo: The Psychology of Coaching yakabudiswa muna 1926 uye Psychology of Athletics muna 1928.
Nhasi Mahara
Isisati iri fad kana unhu hwakanaka, mitambo yepfungwa dzepfungwa inowanzoshandiswa nehuwandu hwevatambi vechikoro uye mapoka. Kunyange vatambi vemitambo vari kutsvaga kukosha pakuwedzera kudzidzira unyanzvi hwepfungwa kumabasa avo.
Chikamu chechikoro chezvino uye chinoshanda chemitambo yepfungwa chinosanganisira mitemo yakananga uye yakafanana yekudzidzira, kutsvakurudza, nekugadzirisa. Muna 1986, American Psychological Association (APA) yakasika Chikamu 47 icho chinonyanya kutaura nezvekuvhima uye zvepabonde. Kunewo mamwe mabhuku ezvidzidzo, kusanganisira The International Journal of Sports Psychology, iyo yakatsaurirwa chete kuongororo yemasvomhu epfungwa.
Nzira Dzose
Munda wemasvomhu epfungwa unoramba uchikura sezvo kutsvakurudza kunowedzera, asi pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanzoshandiswa nehuwandu hwemitambo yepfungwa dzepfungwa. Iyi nharaunda inowanzotarisana nhatu dzepfungwa dzekudzidzira mupfungwa uye mupfungwa mumatambi:
- Kuvandudzika Kwekuita: Kuona uye kugadzirisa kwepfungwa kwenguva yakareba kwave iri nheyo yekona yemasvomhu ekutsvakurudza kwepfungwa uye kudzidziswa. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekubatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwemutambi. Kuita kwakadaro kunobvumira mutambi kuti agadzirire mupfungwa nokuda kwechiitiko chakanaka nekuvandudza pfungwa 'yemapu' yezvakaitika. Shanduro yekuona, iyo inonziwo mifananidzo kana kuzvidzora , inoratidza kuti chiitiko chakafungidzirwa chinodudzirwa zvakafanana kune chimwe chiitiko chaicho uye naizvozvo chinotungamirira kukuvandudza kuvimba uye unyanzvi mune mutambi.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvekare zvinoratidza kuti kutarisa kunogona kutungamirira kune simba rinowanikwa mumatambi. Saizvozvowo pakuona, kuzvitaura uye kukudziridza mafungiro akanaka kunogona kuva chinhu chakakosha chekudzidzira unyanzvi hwokudzidzira mupfungwa. Zvichida mutambi anofanirwa kushanda pakucherechedza, kuisa pfungwa uye kuisa pfungwa , kana kuderedza nekugadzirisa kushungurudzika mumamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa, maitiro aya ose anotarisira kugadzirisa zvinokanganisa kuitira kugadzirisa mitambo yemitambo. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti chaiyo chaiyo yeiyo inonzi "placebo" inobudirira inokonzerwa nemitambo yevatambi sekusimbiswa nematendero akawanda nemitambo vamwe vatambi vanopika.
- Resilience nekukuvadza Kudzorerwa: Imwe nzvimbo umo mune zvemitambo mune zvemitambo zvinogona kuita kuti mumwe mutambi arambe achivabatsira kuti vawedzere kugadzikana mupfungwa uye mupfungwa, kunyanya mushure mokunge vadzoka shure, kurasika, kana kukuvadzwa. Iyi unyanzvi inokosha kune vanowanzokuvadzwa vanogona kugumburwa nekunetseka mupfungwa kwekukuvara nokuva kuora mwoyo, kurega, kana kubviswa. Kudzidza nzira yekushandisa unyanzvi hwepfungwa hwekutarisana nekukuvadza-uye kushandisa simba repfungwa kurongedza kuporesa kwepanyama -kunzwa inzwi rakanyanyisa. Asi mitambo yemagariro evanhu nevatambi vakawana zvikomborero chaizvo pakuita unyanzvi hwepfungwa idzi.
- Kushushikana uye Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa: Mupi wevamwe mutambi angangonzwa achishushikana, akashambidzwa kunze, kana kuti asingatauri kudzidzisa zuva nezuva. Asi dzimwe nguva rinoratidzira nyaya yakadzama. Kukurudzira-uye kusava nechinangwa-imwe nzvimbo umo mune zvemitambo yakakodzera yemapfungwa anogona kupinda mukati kuti vabatsire vatambi vanoona midzi yemibvunzo yavo. Zvichida vari mumuviri kana mupfungwa, vanodzvinyirirwa , kana kutotarisana nemamwe matambudziko emanzwiro.
Kukurudzira haisi nguva dzose nyaya yekuwana mhando yakakodzera mimhanzi kana kuverenga zvinokurudzira . Dzimwe nguva, nyaya chaiye nekushayikwa kwekukurudzira kune mupfungwa, muviri, kana zvepabonde kunetseka. Mumwe mutambi wemapfungwa wepamitambo anogona kuzarura nyaya huru uye anobatsira mutambi kugadzira nzira uye agadzire zvinangwa zvekudzorera chido chekuita.
Chii Chinonzi Masayendisiti Masayendisiti?
Imwe nyanzvi yepfungwa ndeye rudzi rwehutano rwakarongeka runoshanda nevatambi kuti vavandudze mafungiro avo uye mupfungwa mupfungwa mukuedza kusimudzira mitambo yakanakisisa. Mukushanda kwekushanda nemumwe wemasayendisiti epanhau, vatambi vakawanda vanoona mitambo yavo yemitambo ichivandudza zvikuru. Asi, kunyange kana izvi zvisingaitiki, vakawanda vatengi vachaona kuwedzera kwekunetseka kwavo mupfungwa uye kugadzikana uye kubva kunze kwenharaunda.
Nyika yemitambo yepfungwa yakakura uye yakasiyana. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoshanda nevatambi vezvigaro kana mumwe-on-one kana mumapoka. Vamwe vanosarudza kushanda nevatambi vemitambo, vana, kana vatambi vemutambo wakasiyana.
Kuve yemitambo yepamusoro yemapfungwa wepfungwa inoda zvose zvidzidzo uye zvinobatsira. Nzira dzedzidzo dzakasiyana-siyana nemashandiro epfungwa panyaya dzemapurogiramu akawanda edzidzo. Nzira yegoridhe inoda chikoro chepamusoro, chakadai sePDD mu Psychology, uye kudzidziswa kwakakwana nevatambi. Kunyange zvakadaro, vazhinji vadzidzisi veMatongerwo enyika vanewo unyanzvi mune zvemitambo yepfungwa.
Kunyangwe zvisingawanzozivikanwi, vamwe vadzidzisi vega uye vanodzidza zvekare vanobatanidza nhamba inokura yeongororo dzinobatsira vatambi kugadzirisa kushushikana, kuzvidya mwoyo, nekugadzirisa nyaya dzine chokuita nemafungiro avo nekutenda kwepfungwa. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemitambo yepasimbe semutambi kana semuongorori, pane zvakawanda zvekushandisa kutsvaga .
Sources:
Brouziyne M, Molinaro C. Mifananidzo yemifananidzo yakasanganiswa nemuitiro wekutenderera shots kune vanotanga gorofu. Nzwisiso uye Magetsi Unyanzvi. 2005 Aug; 101 (1): 203-11.
Driediger, Molly; Hall, Craig; Callow, Nichola, Imagery anoshandisa vakuvara vakakuvara: a qualitative analysis. Nhamba yeMitambo SemaStudio, March, 2006.
Isaka, AR Mental Practice- Inoshanda Mundima? Mutambo wePamusoro Pepanhau, 6, 192-198, Mat 1992.