Kunyanyisa Kwakaitwa Mitambo Kunobatsira Mazinga eHormone
Mitambo yakanyanyisa iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira. Mune imwe nyaya yakanzi "Imitambo yakanyanyisa yakanaka kune utano hwako: A phenomenological kunzwisisa kwekutya uye kuzvidya mwoyo mumutambo wakaipisisa," Brymer naSchweitzer vanotsanangura mitambo yakanyanya "sekuzvimirira kusununguka mabasa apo zvichida kuguma kwekanganiso isina kukanganisa kana njodzi rufu. "
Kunyanya kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa kujekesa hutemoni kudzvinyirira mhinduro kumitambo yakanyanya.
Uyezve, hazvina kujeka kuti zvii zvinokonzera mitambo yakanyanya kune utano hwemazuva mazhinji. Kunyange zvakadaro, ngationei zvishomanana zvidzidzo zvinotsvaga kugadziriswa kwezvemagariro emitambo yakanyanya.
Bungee Jumping
Mune chidzidzo che2014 chakanzi "Yakanyanya Kushungurudzika Inoshandiswa neBungee Jumping Suppresses Human Innate Immunity," van Westerloo nevamwe vaishanda navo vakawana kuti bungee kukurumidza kuwedzera mazinga e cortisol uye catecholamines.
Catecholamines inoreva neurohormones, iyo inokosha mukudzvinyirira kunopindura. Kukwidzika kwema catecholamines kunogona kutungamirira kuwedzerwa kweropa, kushaya misoro, kusuruvara, moyo kuputika, kurwadziwa kwepfupa, nekuzvidya mwoyo. Dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), uye norepinephrine (noradrenaline) dzose dzino catemlamines.
Chinangwa chekudzidza uku, zvisinei, chaiva chekutarisisa kana kutyisa kunetseka kupindura-bungee kuruka-kudzvinyirirwa kukuru kwekupindurwa kwemaitiro kunobatanidzwa apo maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere anotarisana nehutachiona.
Mune mamwe mazwi, vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora kukwanisa kwemasero machena eropa (leukocytes) kuvhara zvipembenene zvinovhiringidza uye kudya mabhakitiriya (kureva, kubudisira cytokines uye phagocytose, maererano).
Kusvika pakuguma uku, vatsvakurudzi vakatora chikamu chebungee jumpers ne propanol, iyo ibhe-blocker, nokudaro kusinganisa migumisiro ye catecholamines pamuviri wemuviri.
Vakawana kuti kudzvinyirirwa kwezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kunokonzerwa nekudzvinyirira kwakasununguka nemakakatekamine. Zvinofadza kuti, kunyange zvazvo akaona kuti leukocyte kuwanda yakawedzerwa panguva yekudzidza, idzi leukocytes dzakanga dzisinganyanyi kuteerera.
Panzvimbo pekudzivirira mafungiro ekugadziriswa nemakakatokari, zvinoratidzika mushure mekunyanya kunetseka kwechiitiko glucocorticoids yakadai sa cortisol kudzivirira masimba ezvirwere kuburikidza nemichina ye nongenomic inokurumidza kudarika kudhindwa kweDNA. Iyi nzira nongenomic inosanganisirawo rubatsiro rukuru runowanikwa nevanhu vane mishonga inouraya avo vanotora glucocorticoids sainzi prednisone.
Pakupedzisira, imwe tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti skydiving inoguma nekuwedzera kwe endorphins. Iko kukura kwe endorphins kunokonzera "kukurumidza" kana "kukwirira."
Rock climbing
Mhando dzeDombo Kupenya
Mukugadzirwa kwekwenyika pasina kukwira kwedombo, nzira iyo mukwidzi anokwidza nayo ndeyekukosha kwekadhidi. Munguva yechenyu yakachena, muchengeti anoita sendo roga pasina rubatsiro-hapana kumira, kuwira, kana kukwevera pane zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa.
Pakukwira kukwira, muchengeti anogadzirisa tambo muzvikamu zvekudzivirirwa panguva yekukwira saka zvichiita kukwira kwakachena. Zvimwe, kukwira kumusoro kwemambo kunosanganisira tambo iyo yakasimbiswa kumusoro kwepamusoro.
Iyi tambo inogona kushandiswa kubatsira panguva yekukwira. Mune maitiro maviri ekukwirira kwedombo, tambo inodzivirira muchengeti kubva pakugwa.
Kukwidza kukwira kwakaoma kupfuura kukwirira kwetambo. Kukwidza kukwidza kunonyanya kukoshesa zvikuru nevanokurumidza kumhanya. Kukwira micheka yakakwirira kunoshandiswa nevatangi uye pamwe nevanoziva vanosimudza panguva yekuita.
Hormonal Response
Mune chidzidzo chinonzi "Kutaridzika kweHormone kunopfuurira kwekukwira dombo mumarume," Sherk uye vanyori vanyori vakayera mazinga e testosterone, kukura hormone, uye cortisol mu 10 vechidiki vechidiki vanokwira mhepo sezvavakakwira makumbo pa 55 ° kukwira kwepamusoro mugwagwa wemaminitsi makumi matatu.
Zvinonzwisisika, kukwira kwakanga kuri tambo yakakwirira.
Vatambi vanofamba mumatombo vaive nechepakati pehutano hwepamhizha, zvichiita zvakanaka-conditioned, uye vasina hutachiona hwehutachiona husina kudzivirirwa kana chirwere cheputi. Vakasimuka vakanga vasingatori mishonga yekracticosteroid ..
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kubhururuka kwedombo kunokwidziridzwa kweplasma testosterone nekukura kwehomoni asi hapana kuchinja kwakaratidzwa mu cortisol. Testosterone uye kukura hormone kunobatsira kutsvaga maitiro ehutachiona, uye cortisol inokurudzira kuparara kwemapuroteni. Uyezve, kukura hormone uye cortisol zvinowedzera panguva yekudzidzira.
Kunze kwekusava nekushandura mu cortisol, zvigumisiro zvezvino zvidzidzo zvinoenderana nekutsvakurudza kwekare. Maererano nevanyori:
Testosterone, cortisol, uye GH [kukura hormone] zvose zvakaratidzwa mune dzakawanda zvidzidzo kuwedzera mushure mekudzivirira kudzivirira uye kurovedza muviri mune zvevarume, ine mahomoni uye kukwirira kwezvido zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakadai semakore ekudzidza, kudya uye kudzidzisa, uye kushanda nesimba uye nguva.
Vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti vakakwira vanowedzera kuwedzera mumatokenlamine seAdrenaline. Panguva yekukwira, makwikwi akaona kuwedzera kwekuzvidya mwoyo maererano nekuoma kwekukwira. Vatsvakurudzi vakaonawo zvinotevera:
Nguva yeiyo protocol inogona kunge yakakonzera kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa, zvichida yakabatana nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwemaodzanyemba, zvichida kuwedzerwa mumatunhu echi catlamine, kuderera kwechirwere chepuroke, kana kuwedzerwa kwepfungwa yemuviri kubva kune chikamu chepamusoro chemuviri wechiito chacho.
Skydiving
Zvichida zvinouya kusishamisi kuti kusvetuka kunze kwe ndege ine parachute pane yakakodzera mupfungwa mupfungwa yekuongorora kwesayenzi. Mushure mokunge, matenga emhepo anovhiringidza kukanganisa kwekufa kwekukurumidza kwekudaidzira.
Kunyange zvazvo kubwinya kwedenga kunonyanya kuitika mune zvepfungwa, kukurumidza kunowanikwa panguva yemadzinza kunetseka kwepanyama, kunochinja kubuda kweropa uye kunowedzera plasma cortisol uye catecholamine mazinga.
Mune chidzidzo chinonzi "Hormonal Responses kuPfungwa Yezvepfungwa mukati Marume Kugadzirira Skydiving," Chatterton uye vashandi vake vakashanda vanozvipira makumi maviri nemaviri kuti vaongorore maitiro epfungwa uye mahomoni munguva yekutanga skydiving jump. Ivhareji yezera rekutanga-time skydivers yaiva makore makumi mana nemakumi mana uye dzose skydivers dzaiva noutano hwakanaka. Mukuwedzera kune boka iri rekuongorora, boka rinodzora-risina kuenda skydiving-rakaongororwawo.
Heuno maitiro ekudenga mafikirini akaita sei kumhanyira:
- Kuwedzera mu cortisol
- Kuwedzera mu catecholamine mazinga
- Kuwedzerwa kwema prolactini
- Kuwedzera mukukura kwehomoni
- Kuwedzera mukuzvidya mwoyo maitiro (akaonekwa asati atumuka)
- Kuderedza muzviitiko zve testosterone
Nyaya, cortisol, kukura hormone, catecholamines, uye prolactin zvose zvinoshungurudza hormone. Aya mahomoni anotarisirwa kuwedzerwa maererano nekuzvidya mwoyo kunowanikwa uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi.
Caving
Kuchengeta kunofamba nemazita akasiyana, akadai sepelunking uye kubata. Inosanganisira kutsvaga kusina kunyongedzwa kwemapanga maitiro. Kunyaradza vanofarira kunofanira kukurira kukwira kwemawere, dambudziko remvura, uye kunomesa zvakasimba. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanonzi spelunkers vanokonzera kukonzera nekugadzirisa kusaita se "mutambo wakaipisisa" -kureva kuti kuchengetedzwa ndiko kunonyanya kukoshesa-kugadzirisa kunogona kuuraya.
Chimbofunga tsanangudzo inotevera yechinyorwa chinokonzerwa naStenner uye vanyori vanyori mubhuku ra2007 rainzi "Hormonal mhinduro kusvika kwenguva refu yekuongorora mubako re 700 m deep":
Kusiyana nemimwe mitambo yakanyanyisa, mukunze kwekugadzirisa zvinetso izvi zviripo panguva imwe chete. Kutaura zvazviri, maitiro makuru ekudzidzira anowanzofamba kwemaawa makumi maviri nemaawa akawanda, anenge asina kupera, akapfekedza kukwira kugara nechisungo chinogadzirisa miviri yepasi, munzvimbo inotonhora uye yakaoma uye, zviri pachena, murima. Pachikonzero chezvinhu izvi zvakananga zvekudzivirira, kuve kwakagadziriswa kweHPA [hypothalamus-pituitary adrenocortical], HP [hypothalamus-pituitary] uye HPT [hypothalamus-pituitary thyroid] zvinogona kutarisirwa, uye pakuedza kwedu mhinduro idzi vakatsvaga vachishandisa zvinotevera: sarum growth hormone (GH), cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), isina triiodothyronine (FT3) uye isingabhadhara thyroxine (FT4).
Muchidzidzo ichi, Stenner uye vashandi pamwe navo vakaongorora mhinduro yehomoni yekudzivirira pakati pevashanu vemazana emapulisa. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nehomoni zvinokonzerwa nekusimudzira maitiro eHPA, HP, uye HPT. Vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti cortisol, kukura hormone, uye mahwindo ehurukuro ehurukuro yose yakawedzera kune imwe nguva kusvika kwemaawa makumi maviri ekufamba.
Sezvinotarisirwa, zvigumisiro zvekudzidza uku zvinoratidza kuti kunyanyisa kwepanyama uye kwepfungwa kunokonzera kukura kwehomoni. Nenzira, vatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti kuwedzera kweeuroxine yakasununguka kwakaitika nekuda kwekuwedzerwa kwemafuta emafuta, izvo zvinowanzoitika panguva ipi zvayo yakareba kwenguva refu yekutsungirira.
Iko Kuchinja KweHormone Kunoreva Mutumbi Here?
Muchidimbu, vanhu vanopinda mumitambo yakanyanya mitambo kunetseka, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye kutya. Kushungurudzika mahomoni-kusanganisira kuwedzera hormone, cortisol, prolactin, uye catecholamines yakafanana neAdrenaline-yakanyanya kuwedzerwa panguva iyi. Kazhinji, mahomoni anoshungurudza anokwira zvichienderana nekuzvidya mwoyo uye mutoro wemagetsi.
Kunyange zvazvo zvikwiriso izvi mune mahomoni zvakaderera uye mahomoni zvakakurumidza kudzokera kumugumo wekutanga mushure mokupedzwa kwemutambo, hazvizivikanwe kana kudzokorora kunowedzera kumitambo yakanyanya uye kuenderera mberi kwekuchinja kwemashoko ekudzvinyirira kwehomoni kune nguva yakareba.
Hazvinyatsozivikanwe kana mitambo yakanyanyisa inogona kuwedzera humwe hutano hwezvehutano kana kuti vanhu vane mamwe marapirwo anofanira kufambidzana mumitambo yakanyanyisa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti avo vane zvirwere zvisingagumi zvehutano vanofanira kudzivirira mitambo yakanyanya uye kuti vanhu chete vane utano hwakanaka vanofanira kugovera . Uyezve, vanhu vane humwe hutano hunogona kukura nekudzvinyirira-kusanganisira kusadzivirirwa kwehutano hwepfungwa, chirwere chemoyo, uye chirwere-inofanirwa kutarisa mitambo yakanyanyisa. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vane mamiriro aya anoongororwa uye vangangodaro vasina kubviswa pamatambo emitambo yakanyanya.
Tsvakurudzo yakawanda inoda kuitwa tisati tanyatsonzwisisa migumisiro yemitambo yakanyanya pamuviri. Kusvika iye zvino, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvemitambo yakanyanya zvakanyanyisa kurara kwemwoyo, kushandiswa kwemhepo, kushandiswa kwekushandisa, uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kweokisijeni (VO2 max). Zvinonzwisisika, VO2 max ndiyo chiratidzo chikuru chekufananidzira uye kutsungirira munguva yekurovedza muviri; iyo iri mutsara unokosha pakati peizivoi physologists.
Kana uine mibvunzo pamusoro pehutano hwako sezvinopindirana nemitambo yakanyanya-kana kuti iwe unofanirwa kudya-tapota taura nechiremba wako. Chiremba wako achakwanisa kuongorora chero zvingangoita njodzi uye kupa mumwe mutungamiri.
> Sources:
> Chatterton RT Jr., et al. Hormonal Responses to Psychological Stress in Men Preparing for Skydiving. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism . 1997: 82: 2503-9.
> Hackney, AC. Endocrine Stress Reactivity Yakabatana neEtretre Sports . Yunivhesiti yeNorth Carolina.
> Sherk VD, et al. Mahomoni anoita mhinduro kumubhedha unopfuurira wekumhanya kwedombo mumarume. European Journal of Applied Physiology . 2011; 111: 687-693.
> Stenner E, et al. Hormonal mhinduro kune kwenguva yakareba yekuongorora mubako re 700 m deep. European Journal of Applied Physiology . 2007; 100: 71-8.
> van Westerloo DJ, et al. Kunyanya kushungurudzika kunoitwa ne bungee kutumbuka kunoderedza hutachiona hwevanhu hwe innate. Molecular Medicine . 2011; 17: 180-8.