Ndezvokudya Zvakaderera Zvakafa Here?
Kutanga muna 1977, hurumende yeUnited States neAmerican Heart Association (AHA) yakapedza makore anopfuura 30 ichikurudzira vanhu veAmerica kuti vadzivise huwandu hwemafuta avo vanodya muzvokudya zvavo, zvisati zvisingasviki 25 - 35% zvemazuva ose emakoriori. Izvi zvinokurudzirwa, izvo zvakanyarara pasi muna 2010, zvaive zvichienderana nepfungwa yokuti, sezvo mafuta ezvokudya anowedzera cholesterol mazinga, kuderedza kushandiswa kwamafuta kunoderedza ngozi ye atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Pasinei nekurumbidzwa kwenguva refu, uchapupu hwezvesayenzi hunonyatsopedza mafuta ezvokudya hunoderedza hutachiwana hweHatrosclerosis-uye nguva dzose hwakange huri - husina simba.
Zvinotsigira Hurumende nezveDetary Fat
Nhengo yakarongeka yekuti vanhu vose vanofanira kuvhara chiyero chemafuta muzvokudya zvedu zvakatanga kuitwa kuburikidza neCongress neMecGovern Commission iyo, muna 1977 mushure mekuteerera kwekutaura pamusoro pekudya nehutano hwakanaka, yakabudisa shanduro yekutanga yeDareary Goals yeUnited States . Panguva iyo yaizivikanwa kuti kudya mafuta akazara kunokonzera kuti cholesterol iwedzere, uye naizvozvo (zvaifungidzirwa), kudya mafuta akazara kunokonzera chirwere chetachiona chirwere (CAD). (Ikokufungidzira hakubatsiri mune zvidzidzo zvinotevera.)
Kunyange muna 1977 masayendisiti aiziva kuti havasi mafuta ose "akaipa," uye zvechokwadi kuti mamwe mafuta anokosha kuti utano hwakanaka hwepfungwa huvepo. Asi iyo McGovern Commission yakatsunga kupedza mafuta ose ekudya, zvose kuderedza chirwere chemwoyo uye (zvakange zvisingafungidziri kufungidzirwa) kurwisa kuneta.
Vakanga vachitya kuti vaizovhiringidza vanhu vose nekuedza kuratidza shoko rakaoma rakawanda iyo inofanira kudziviswa, asi mamwe mafuta akanaka. Saka, mharidzo yepamutemo yakatanga kudzivisa mafuta zvachose, uye pane kunyanya kuvimba nemakhahydrates kune vakawanda vekudya kwedu.
Iyi dzidziso yepamusoro-mafuta-high-carb yakakunda kwemazana emakore anotevera makumi mana, pamwe nechinangwa chehurumende yeUnited States neAHA.
Uchapupu
Pasinei nekurumbidzwa uku kwenguva refu uye mazwi ekuda kwekudya zvakaderera-mafuta, zvidzidzo zvinotevera zvakakundikana kuwana chero humwe uchapupu hune simba hunoratidza kuti huwandu huwandu hwezvokudya zvakakwana hunokonzera CAD. Heano zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinokosha pane izvi:
Muongorori wemakore makumi maviri nemakore (Nurses Health Study), chidzidzo chekutarisana chinosanganisira vakadzi makumi mapfumbamwe makumi manomwe, havana kuratidza kusawirirana pakati pehutano hwechirwere chemoyo uye mafuta ezvokudya. Chimwe chekuongorora meta chinotevera chekuongorora kwakasiyana-siyana kwakafanana kwakaratidza kusabatana pakati pekudya mafuta uye chirwere chemwoyo kana kufa.
Muchiedza chinonyanya kuongororwa chisingarambi chakaitwa kuti chiongorore mafuta ezvokudya, Women's Health Initiative yakarongedza vakadzi vanopfuura 48 000 vachidya-mafuta-uye-vakashandisa zvakanyanya kuchinja mararamiro ekuderedza kudya kwemazuva ose kusvika kumazana makumi maviri emakori, uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezviyo nemiriwo) kana kuboka rinodzora rakagamuchira "tsika" yezvokudya chete (iyi boka rinodzora rakadya 37% yezvokudya zvavo kubva kumafuta). Mushure memakore gumi nemana, pakanga pasina kuderedzwa pangozi yeCAD muboka rakaderera-mafuta. Chaizvoizvo, chiitiko chacho chaiva chepfungwa huru.
Mimwe miedzo yakarongeka yakafananawo yakakundikana kuratidza kubatsiro kune kudya kwemafuta mashoma.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakakundikana kuratidzira njodzi yakaderera yekenza ine kudya kwemafuta mashoma, kana kuti kudya kwakaderera kwemafuta kunobatanidzwa nekuderera kuduku.
Mukupfupisa, mushure memazana makumi emakore ekudzidza, hakuna humwe uchapupu hunogutsa hwokuti kuderedza mafuta ose ezvokudya kusvika pasi pe30 - 35% ezuva nezuva makorikori anokonzera ngozi yechirwere chepfungwa, kenza kana kuneta.
Zvakadini Nezvokudya Zvisina Mwero?
Zvokudya zveOrnish, uye zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya kwema-low-fat, zvinotyisa kuti hazvisi kungodzivirira CAD, asiwo kuidzosera. Izvi zvikafu zvinowedzera zvakanyanya mukudzivirira kwavo kwemafuta anodya - zvikurukuru kubva pamhuka-kune zvakadyiwa nemafuta anoderera neAHA.
Vatsigiri ve-Ornish-kind diet vanoti, zvakajeka, kuti zvidzidzo zvakakundikana kuratidza kubatsirwa neAHA-rudzi rwekudya hazvirevi hazvo kune zvakanyanya kudya mafuta anozvidzivirira.
Zvisinei, izvo zvinoreva kuti Ornish-rudzi rwezvokudya zvinoratidzwa zvakaoma ivo pachavo vanobva pane dambudziko risina kukwana risingaregi zvakanaka kuti riongorore chinangwa. Izvo pfungwa yokuti kudya-kwema-fat-fat-fat- richine zvokudya zvinodzivirira kana kuchinja zvirwere zvemoyo hazvisi izvo zvinopupurirwa zvakajeka kana kuti zvinopesana, kunyange zvazvo iine pfungwa inokodzera kudzidza.
The Bottom Line
Purogiramu iyo munhu wose aifanira kudya kudya kwakaderera kunobva pakutanga kubva pane imwe pfungwa isina kururama, uye pamusoro pesarudzo yekupira zvakajeka nekuda kwekunyoresa shoko. Mushure memazana emakumi matatu emakore ekuedza kuratidza kuti kudya kwakaderera kwemafuta kuderedza chirwere chemwoyo, kliniki dzedambudziko harina kutsigira mazano akawanda kwenguva refu kuti munhu wose anofanira kunge ari pane kudya kwemafuta.
Mirayiridzo inobva kuhurumende neAHA haisati ichinyanya kudya zvokudya zvakaderera, asi zvichiri kukurudzira zvakanyanya kuvhara mafuta akazara, uye kushandisa mazai emakungwa ane mafuta. MunaFebruary, 2015, Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC, komiti inoratidzira sayenzi yezvokudya zvine makore ose mashanu nokuda kwehurumende yeUnited States), yakabudisa mushumo wayo wezvino. Mutsara iwoyo, chero kukurudzirwa kwezvokudya zvakaderera-mafuta kunonyanya kusipo. Pane kudaro, DGAC inoti, "... mazano ekudya anofanira kuisa kusimbisa pakuvandudza marudzi emafuta ezvokudya uye kwete kuderedza mafuta ose."
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvokudya zvemafuta, zvinyorwa zvekudya zvinoshandiswa pakupedzisira zvinoratidza shanduro.
> Sources:
> Howard BV, Van Horn L, Hsia J, et al. Zvokudya Zvisina Mwero Muenzaniso uye Njodzi Yezvirwere Zvepfungwa: Women's Health Initiative Randomised Controled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 655.
Oh K, Hu FB, Manson JE, et al. Dhiyabhorosi Fat Kuwana uye Ngozi yeCononary Heart Zvirwere Muvakadzi: Makore makumi maviri ekutevedzwa kweVanamuki 'Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161: 672.
> Ornish D, Scherwitz L, Billings J, et al. Upenyu Hwakasimba Hwakachinja Kuchinja kweCoronary Heart Disease Kurarama Kwegore Ichishanu Chepenyu Hwokuedzwa Kwomwoyo. JAMA 1998; 280: 2001-2007
Skeaff CM, Miller J. Dietary Fat uye Coronary Heart Disease: Chidimbu cheUpupuriro Kubva Pachiratidzo Cohort uye Randomised Chirongwa Chiedzo. Ann Nutriti Metab 2009; 55: 173.