Mishonga yaunoda kuti uwane hutano hwakanaka yakavharwa mukati mezvokudya iwe unodya saka ndiyo basa rako rekudya rekudya kuti uvasunungure. Nekugadzirisa kwekudya, zvokudya zvinoputsika kuva zviduku zviduku zvishoma kuitira kuti mishonga inogona kusunungurwa uye inopindira kuburikidza nemasvingo emukati muduku.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba kwazvo yezvokudya zvingangozviparadzanisa pachako, saka zviratidzo zvakakosha zvemakemikari zvinotarisirwa kukurumidza kuita.
Izvo ma enzyme haingorwisi zvese zvokudya; ivo vakanyatsoziva. Vamwe vanotevera makhahydrates , vamwe vanoputsa mafuta, uye vamwe vanoputsa mapuroteni ari oga. Imwe enzyme imwe neimwe ine chiito chaicho.
Nyuchi dzakawanda dzinosunungurwa uye dzinoshanda mudumbu rako duku, asi zvishoma zvacho zvinosunungurwa kubva kune glands mumuromo mako uye mudumbu.
The Main Digestive Enzymes
Heano maitiro enyama ekunyanya kudya, kwaanoitwa, uye zvavanoita:
Salivary amylase. Yakagadzirwa uye yakasunungurwa nemaronda emumuromo mumuromo mako. Salivary amylase inoputika mucheka kusvika muchepetani maketani emaglucose. Inoshanda mumuromo, asi kana chikafu chinosvika mudumbu rako, pH acidic inoisasa.
Lingual lipase. Yakagadzirwa neserous glands mururimi rwako uye kumashure kwomuromo wako. Lingual lipase inoshanda mumuromo uye mudumbu. Inoputsa mashizha uye tete yakareba triacylglycerols (mafuta) kuva maduku maduku.
Pepsin. Iyo inonzi primary enzyme digestive mudumbu.
Chief cells mumudumbu dzinoita pepsinogen, iyo inoshandurwa kuva pepsin nemusikirwo weAidhi mudumbu. Pepsin inoputsa mapuroteni pasi mu polypeptides uye amino acids.
Gastric lipase. Imwe nyanzvi yezvokudya inogadzirwa nedumbu. Izvo zvakafanana neyese inonzi lipase, asi inoputsa pasi pfupi uye mukati-kati che triacylglycerols.
Lingual uye gastric lipase inonyanya kukosha pahucheche nokuti inoputsa mafuta anowanikwa mumukaka waamai.
Pancreatic amylase. Iyi enzyme inogadzirwa nepancreas uye yakavanzwa mumukati muduku. Pancreatic amylase inopera zvishoma mumaketani mashomanana eglucose uye maltose.
Pancreatic lipase . Imwe nyanzvi yepencreatic yakaitwa uye yakavanzwa mumukati muduku. Pancreatic lipase inokonzera triacylglycerols ichienda ku diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, uye mafuta asina mafuta uye glycerol.
Trypsin uye chymotrypsin. Aya maviri enzyme echecreatic anoputsa mapuroteni. Vanoputsa mapuroteni nema polypeptides mufupi shoma polypeptides.
Peptidases. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari akawanda mumukati muduku, kunze kweiyo (carboxypeptidase), iyo inowanikwawo ne pancreas. Iyo peptidases inoshanda mumucheche muduku uye inotora apo ma trypsins uye pepsin vakasiya kurega mapepeptipti kune mumwe munhu amino acids.
Sugar Enzymes. Aya maine enzymes ose akaitwa uye anosunungurwa nemasero ari mubato remukati mudumbu. Enzyme imwe neimwe inoshanda kune rumwe rudzi rwemashuga:
- Sucrase. Breaks sucrose (tafura yegafura) mune glucose uye fructose.
- Lactase. Ichi chinovhuna lactose (shuga yekisi) kusvika muglucose uye galactose.
- Maltase. Inoputsa maltose muglucose.
- Dextrinase. Kuputsa maketani emaglucose mumunhu mumwechete weglucose.
Sources:
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Kuvandudza Kudya uye Manetabolism." Shanduro yechitanhatu. Belmont, CA. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2013.
Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. "Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri: Sayenzi uye Applications." Dhidhiro yechitatu. Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
United States Dhipatimendi Rezve Utano uye Human Services, National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). "Yenyu Yokugadzira uye Iyo Inoshanda Sei." http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Anatomy/your-digestive-system/Pages/anatomy.aspx.