Mapuroteni anodikanwa pakuvaka zvivako zvemuviri womunhu, zvakadai semasumbu uye nhengo. Iwe unoda zvakare mapuroteni kuchengetedza muviri wako wechirwere chekuzvidzivirira utano, hugadzirisa maurotransmitter, kuumba uye kuratidza mahomoni, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Mapuroteni anowanzove makuru makuru emakona akaitwa kubva kuvaka zvivako zvinonzi amino acids . Zvose zvinowanzoitwa amino acid molecule zvinosanganisira boka re carboxyl reatomu, boka reamine, uye neketani.
Chikamu che carboxyl chine imwe carbon, maviri oksijeni, uye imwe hydrogen atomu. Hondo yeamine ine nitrogen imwe yemaatomu maviri nemaatomu ehydrogeni akabatanidzwa.
Zvose makumi maviri nemaviri amino acids dzakasiyana zvakasiyana nemaketani, izvo zvinowirirana muhumiro. Kune maketani akajeka eatomu, mataredheni emaketani eatomu, uye zvindori zveatomu, pamwe nemaketani emaketani anogona kusanganisira kabhoni, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, uye maatomu e oksijeni.
Izvo zvakagadziriswa uye mamolekoro akawanikwa muketani yakakoshesa ndiwo anosiyanisa imwe amino acid kubva kune imwe. Iyo branched-chain chain amino acids i isoleucine, leucine, uye valine uye inofanirwa kumusanganisi wemasimba. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, uye tryptophan inonzi inonhuhwirira amino acids uye chimwe nechimwe chine rwonzi rwakakoshwa neine rheta yakaumbwa. Izvi zvitatu amino acids zvinodiwa kuti zvive neurotransmitter.
NonEssential uye Essential Amino Acids
Iyo 11 isina-inokosha amino acids haitumidzwi "kwete-inokosha" nokuti haina kukosha.
Iko inokosha, uye muviri wako unoda kuti vaite mabasa akawanda. Aya amino acids anonzi "kwete-anokosha" nokuti haufaniri kuawana kubva pakudya kwako. Mumuviri wako unogona kuvaka iyo 11 amino acid kubva kumakemikari anenge aripo mumuviri wako. Izvo zvisina kufanira amino acids dzinosanganisira:
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Asparagine
- Aspartic Acid
- Cysteine
- Glutamic Acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Serine
- Tyrosine
Amino acids arginine, cysteine, glycine, uye tyrosine dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwawo se "zvakakosha." Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vanhu vazhinji vanozvigadzira ivo pachavo, asi vanhu vane zvirwere kana mararamiro asina kukwana haagoni kuzviita, saka vanofanira kuvawana kuburikidza nezvokudya zvavo.
Aya mapfumbamwe anokosha amino acids anonzi "anokosha" nokuti haukwanise kuagadzira; iwe unofanirwa kudya mapuroteni ane avo amino acids. Dzinosanganisira:
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
Iwe unofanirwa kunetseka nezvezvinodiwa amino acids apo unoronga kudya kwako kwezuva nezuva? Kwete saizvozvo. Zvisikwa zvezvipfuwo zveprotheni zvakadai senyama, mazai, uye mishonga yemisi ndeye "zvakakwana mapuroteni." Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti puroteni imwe neimwe inowanikwa mune chigadzirwa chezvipfuwo ine yega yega mapfumbamwe anokosha amino acids. Vagari vemichero uye vegans vangave vachida kubhadhara zvishoma nezvezvokudya zveprotini. Mapuroteni anodyara anonzi "asina kukwana mapuroteni." Puroteni imwe neimwe yemichero inoshayikwa kana imwe yepamapfumbamwe inokosha amino acids. Asi zvakadaro, amino acid yose inowanikwa mune imwe michero, saka iwe unogona kusanganisa mapuroteni ezvimedu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti uwane zvose amino acid iwe unoda.
Dzidza pamusoro pevhitini uye yezvinomera zvepineti zvinosanganiswa .
Kune mapuroteni mazhinji akasiyana mumuviri wako, uye anoita mabasa akasiyana. Mapuroteni anoshanda anosanganisira:
- Kugovera kune enzyme basa rinosimudzira kushandiswa kwemakemikari mumuviri
- Kujekesa masero chii chaunofanira kuita uye nguva yekuita
- Kutakura zvinhu zvakapoteredza muviri
- Kuchengetedza mvura uye pH zvakanyatsonaka mumuviri
- Kushumira sechivakwa chekugadzirwa kwehomoni
- Kubatsira ropa clot
- Kukurudzira basa rekuchengetedza ropa rinoita zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere uye zvirwere
- Kushumira sezvivako izvo zvinopa miviri yedu miviri yavo
MaPurotini Anogadzirwa Sei
Kudya kwemapuroteni kunotanga mumuromo nekucheka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvokudya zvive nyore kumedza.
Inobatsirawo nekuchera nekuchera zvokudya kusvika mudiki bits. Yeuka kuti zvakakosha kusvina zvokudya zvako zvakakwana; usaisa chikafu chako pasi uchikurumidza.
Puroteni chirume chinoramba chiri mukati mudumbu nekubudiswa kwemajusi ekudya zvinosanganisira hydrochloric acid uye pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid inoshandura pepsinogen kune pepsin, iyo inotanga kuputsa zvisungo pakati pemamino acid. Izvi zvinotanga kuitika apo misumbu inopoteredza mudumbu inomesa uye inopedza kudya uye mudumbu remvura pamwe chete.
Nhanho inotevera inowanikwa mudumbu duku apo hydrochloric acid inopedzwa ne bicarbonates yakabudiswa kubva pancreas. Ipakreas inobudisawo enzyme inonzi trypsin. Tichiedza inopfuurira kuparadzanisa amino acids, iyo inobva yanyura muropa. Rimwechete muropa, amino acids inotorwa kumasero muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuviri wako. Mumuviri wako unoshandisa munhu mumwechete amino acids kuvaka mapuroteni anodiwa kumabasa akasiyana.
Mapuroteni semagetsi
Iwe unogona kunge usingafungi nezveprotheni semasimba anobva, asi mapurotini anopa mazana ekudya. Izvozvo zvikamu zvinoda kubvumidzwa kana uri kutarisa uremu hwako . Girasi rimwe nerimwe reprotini yaunodya ine makori mana. IUnited States Dhipatimendi Rezvekurima inoratidzira kuti unowana anenge 15 muzana kusvika 20 muzana yemakori ako kubva kumapuroteni. Kune mumwe munhu anoda 2 calorie 2000 pazuva, iyo inogona kuenzana 75 kusvika ku100 magamu emapuroteni.
Nyama, hove, gungwa, mazai, mazai, uye mishonga yemiti ndezvimwe zvipo zveprotini, asi unogonawo kuwana mapuroteni kubva mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, maruva, marimu, uye mbeu. Hazvisi zvakaoma kuwana mapuroteni akakwana mune zvaunodya. Rimwe gumbo rinenge riri roga rinokupa mafuragiramu makumi matatu emapurotini. Rimwe salmon fillet ine anenge magiramu makumi mana emapurotini, mukombe we oatmeal ine magiramu matanhatu emapurotini, uye mukombe weaspagashi kunyange une magiramu maviri eprotini. Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vachiwana mapuroteni anokwana kubva pakudya kwavo, mapuroteni ekushayikwa haawanzo munyika dzakabudirira.
Munyika dzisingaverengeki, kusakosha kwezvokudya uye kupereta kweprotini zvakanyanya. Kuwedzera kweprotheni kukwana kunonzi kwashiorkor. Vana vane kwashiorkor vanofarira kuva nemaoko akaonda uye makumbo uye makuru, akaparadzaniswa nemadzimai. Kushaiwa kweprotheni kunogona kukonzera kukundikana kwekukura, kurasikirwa kwemaviri masimba, kuora mwoyo kwemajoni emagetsi, matambudziko emapapu, matambudziko emwoyo, nekufa.
Sources
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Kuvandudza Kudya uye Manetabolism." Shanduro yechitanhatu. Belmont, CA. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2013.
Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. "Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri: Sayenzi uye Applications." Dhidhiro yechitatu. Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering uye Medicine, Health and Medicine Division. "Dheari Reference Reference Intakes Tables nekushanda." http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/DRI-Tables.aspx.
United States Dhipatimendi Rezvekurima United States Dhipatimendi Rezvekurima Chirongwa Chekutsvakurudza Mune Zita National Nutrient Database ye Standard Standard Release 28. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search.