Gluconeogenesis ndiyo nzira yekugadzira glucose mumuviri kubva kune zvisiri mhepo yemaghaidhyteti yakadai se lactate uye pyruvate. Ndiyo biosynthesis yeglucose itsva, kwete kubva kuGluconeogenesis inogona kuonekwa sechinoshandiswa nevanabolic glycolysis, kuparara uye kubudiswa kwesimba kubva glucose.
Zvokudya zvinowanzoitirwa vs. Low Carb Diet
Masero ose emuviri wedu anogona kushandisa glucose, uye vashoma vanovimba naro.
Kana iwe uchingodya kudya kwakakwana, muviri wako unowana glucose yakawandisa kubva kune vanhu vekuAmerica zvokudya zvekudya zvaunodya. Semuenzaniso, mashizha (akawanda muzviyo kusanganisira upfu, mbatatini, nezvimwewo) zvinongova zviketani zvakakura zveglucose. Mukuwedzera, ushuga-hunowanzoitika zvakadai sekuwedzera kwemashuga akawanda muzvokudya zvevanhu vakawanda. Zvisinei, kana makhabhohydrates asiri kupedzwa, muviri unoita glucose kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwacho kunoshandisa simba rakawandisa uye ndiyo chaiyo iyo nzira yakasiyana yekuti muviri unowanzowana sei simba, gluceoneogenesis ibasa-rakapoteredza muviri wako wemetabolism kuti uwane nekuchengetedza simba raunoda kuita maitiro ezvakanaka emumuviri.
Gluconeogenesis uye Chiropa chako
Nzira ye gluconeogenesis inowanzoitika muchiropa, umo glucose inogadzirwa kubva kumamino acids (protein), glycerol (mushure we triglycerides , iyo yakakosha mafuta yekuchengetedza molecule), uye glucose metabolism vaparidzi vakaita se lactate uye pyruvate.
Lactate inobudiswa nekudengenyeka kwematumbu uye kutumirwa kuchiropa kuburikidza neropa. Usiku, apo tisina kudya kwemaawa anoverengeka, muviri unotanga kuumba glucose uchishandisa gluconeogenesis. Heino nzira iyo nzira inoshanda nayo.
Matanho matatu muGluconeogenesis
- Kutendeuka kwepirphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) ndiyo danho rekutanga mu gluconeogenesis. Pane matanho anoverengeka anowanikwa Kuti uchinje pyruvate kuPEP kusanganisira enzymes chaiyo. Semuenzaniso, pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, uye malate dehydrogenase ndivo vane basa rekushanduka uku. Pyruvate carboxylase inowanikwa mumitochondria uye inoshandura pyruvate muhombeketa. Oxaloacetate haikwanise kudarika mitochondria membrane, saka inofanira kutanga ichinjwa kuva marate nemarate dehydrogenase. Marate anogona kuyambuka membrane ye mitochondria mu cytoplasm apo inoshandurwa zvakare kuva oxaloacetate nemumwe marate dehydrogenase. Pakupedzisira, oxaloacetate inoshandurwa kuva PEP nePEP carboxykinase. Mitezo inotevera inotevera yakangofanana ne glycolysis chete iyo nzira iri kumashure.
- Nhanho yechipiri yakasiyana ne glycolysis ndiyo kutendeuka kwefructose-1,6-bP kune fructose-6-P nekushandiswa kwe enzyme fructose-1,6-phosphatase. Kutendeuka kwefructose-6-P kune glucose-6-P inoshandisa enzyme imwechete se glycolysis, phosphoglucoisomerase.
- Nhanho yekupedzisira iyo yakasiyana ne glycolysis ndiyo kutendeuka kweglucose-6-P kusvika glucose ne enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. Iyi enzyme iri mune endoplasmic reticulum.
Kukosha kweGlucose Muviri Wako uye Ubongo Hwako
Glucose ndiyo inokonzera simba kumuviri uye muuropi. Gluconeogenesis inovimbisa kuti kana pasina glucose kubva glycolysis iyo migero inokosha ye glucose inochengetedzwa kana makhahydrates asipo. Uropi hunoga hunoshandisa zviyero zana zveglucose pazuva. Mutumbi unokwanisa kukurumidza kushandisa glucose kuti uwane simba.
Sources:
Dietary Referencing Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrates, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, uye Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005), Institute of Medicine, Bhuku Rezvokudya Nezvokudya, National Academy of Sciences.
The Medical Biochemistry Page.com January 2016.
UC Davis. Gluconeogenesis. ChemWiki 2016.