Upenyu hwemaitiro hunobatanidza nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehutachiona
Ngarava yekukuma yekuri muUnited States yakakura mukududzirwa mukutenderera pamwe nekufambisa kune imwe nzvimbo yakasununguka, yehupenyu hwehupenyu. Kune vakawanda vanofarira, kukura kwekuku hakusi kungofambisa; Ndiyo mafungiro evanhu vane hurumende, panguva imwechete iyo inoderedza kukonzera kabhoni panguva inovimbisa kuti mhuka dzinobatwa nenzira yakasununguka, yakanaka .
Kunyange zvazvo mazhinji emapurazi ari kunyatsopindirana nemitemo yehutano nekuchengeteka, dzimwe dzinofamba zvakanaka pasi pemutemo wepamutemo. Kazhinji kacho, kudiwa kwekugamuchira "chimiro" chekurima kwakaita kuti vamwe varege kuchengetedza zvipfeko zvekare zvekuzvidzivirira ivo nemapoka avo kubva kurwere.
Salmonella Kuputika Kunobatanidzwa Kumasango Erejeri
Kukurumbira kwekuwedzera kwekurima kwekukuchengeterwa kwekuku kwave kwakabatana zvakananga nekuputika kweSalmonella mumasangano makumi maviri nemaviri. Maererano nenyanzvi yakabudiswa neU.S. Centers for Disease Control uye Prevention (CDC), mamiriyoni 790 e salmonellosis ave akasimbiswa kune vanhu vakanga vauya nemashure emashure pakati paJanuary naJune 2017. Paya, 174 mhosva dzaifungidzirwa zvakakomba uye vaida kugara muzvipatara.
Aya nhamba anoratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwehuwandu hwemhosva dzinotarisirwa kumunda wekuri kwekuchi. Nokuenzanisa, zvikamu makumi mashanu zvakasununguka zvakasimbiswa kubva muna 1990 kusvika muna 2014, zvichiguma nemhosva dze 2,360, 387 hospitalizations, nekufa kwevashanu.
Zvose zvemakore matatu kubva gore ra2015 kusvika muna 2017 zvinoda kufanana nezviyero.
Kunyange zvazvo nhamba idzi dzichiri dzichiri pasi, ihwo huwandu hwekuwedzera hunoenderera mberi kunetseka vakuru vakuru vehutano.
Salmonella uye Zvokudya Zvokuvadza Zviratidzo
Salmonellosis ndiro zita rechirwere chinokonzerwa neSalmonella bacteria.
Iyo bhakitiriya inogara mumatumbo emukati evanhu uye mhuka uye inoparidzirwa zvikurukuru kuburikidza nezvokudya zvakasvibiswa nemasese.
Kune miviri miviri mikuru yeSalmonella-Salmonella bongori uye Salmonella enterica-uyewo mazana akawanda anowanzobatanidzwa nehupfu hwekudya. Zviratidzo zve salmonellosis zvakafanana neyemukati chirwere chemvura uye zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Dumbu rinopwanya
- Kudzora
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa maawa 12 kusvika ku 72 pashure pekutsvaira uye zvinogona kupedza chero kupi zvako kubva pamasikati kusvika ku7. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinogadzirisa pachavo pasina kurapwa.
Zvisinei, muvana vaduku, vakwegura, uye vanhu vane zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere, salmonellosis inogona kutungamirira kune chirwere chakakomba uye chinotyisa. Muvanhu ava, chirwere chinogona kupararira kune ropa rinokonzera chirwere chakakomba, chemuviri-chinonzi Salmonella septicemia. Mishonga inowanzoda inotarisirwa uye inotyisa yekurapa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
MuUnited States, salmonellosis inouraya vanhu vane mamiriyoni 1.2 uye inokonzera kufa vanenge 400 gore negore. Chirwere chacho chinokonzera mamwe maharareji kupfuura mamwe mavhesi ezvokudya , kusanganisira E. coli, uye zvinokonzera hurongwa hwehutano hwehutano hwemari hunodarika madhora 365 mamiriyoni gore roga roga.
Salmonellosis Yakabatanidzwa kune Zvakaipa Zviito zvekurima
Salmonella enterica ibirteria iyo inowanzobatanidzwa nehukusvi hwekukuvadza. Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa nekudya kwekuku kunogona kukonzera chirwere, hukui mazai anoramba ari chikonzero chikuru chekutapukirwa. Maererano neDhipatimendi rezvekurima reUnited States (USDA), S. enterica hutachiona muhuni dzinoputika pamapfumbamwe 10 kubva muzana, zvinopfuura kaviri muyero unoonekwa mumashizha.
Pakati pevarimi vemashure, kushandiswa kwakashata nekubata kwemapoka kunoonekwa kuti ndicho chinokonzera Salmonella kuputika. Izvi zvinoita sokuti ndezvechokwadi kune avo vanoramba vari maduku mashomanana kana semhuka dzemhuka kana kuti mutsva, mazai akakura-kumusha.
Ongororo yakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeCalifornia-Davis Dhipatimendi reMhuka yeZvivhinzi muna 2014 yakaratidza kuti, pakati pevashandi vekumba, kunezve kushayikwa kwevanhu vasingazivi nezvehutano hwehuchi.
Maererano nekutsvakurudza, inenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevatenzi vakabvumira vashanyi kupinda mumapokisi avo asi 40 muzana chete vaipfeka gadziriro pakuchenesa. Zvose izvi izvi zvinonzi hazvina ngozi. Kunyanya pamusoro penyaya iyi ndeyekuti vazhinji vevarimi vaiziva zvishoma kana kuti havana kana nezvekukuvadza kwekuku kwakafanana neyairvian flu kana Marek's (chirwere chinouraya, chinokonzera chirwere chakaona chirwere mumasana asina kuvharwa).
Pakati pemitambo inobatanidza zvakananga ne salmonellosis ngozi:
- Kukundikana kutora mazai zvishoma zuva rega rega, kunyanya mumamiriro okunze ekudziya
- Kwete kufambisa mazai nguva pfupi mushure mekuunganidza
- Kwete kushambidza maoko mushure mokubata chicken kana kuchenesa kog
- Kusveta kana kunyorera nyama semhuka dzemhuka
- Kukundikana kuvhara mhuka dzinooneka dzakajeka
- Kudiridza minda nemuriwo mutsva, usina kuomeswa, mutsika unogona kusvibisa mbeu
Salmonellosis muhoku zvinonzwisisika: vachave vasina simba, vane marara emvura, uye vanoita muzinga wepepuru. Mahedheni achave akacherechedza kuderedza mazai ei.
Kushamba kana Kusashamba Chiki Majeki
Chimwe chikonzero chikuru cheSalmonella chirwere ndechokushambidza kusina kukodzera kweii mazai. Varimi vakawanda vane ruzivo vanorayira kuti vasashamba sezvo izvi zvinogona kubvisa gelatinous "bloom" izvo zvisimbiso uye zvinodzivirira maza kubva kubhakitiriya. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanobvumira chiedza chinoputika kana kupukunyuka kubvisa chero grit rinopfurikidza rinotevedzerwa nefriji yefriji iri pasi kana pasi pe40 degrees F.
Mazai anowanzochenesa kana akaunganidzwa pakarepo. Mazai anonyanya kudarika kazhinji anowanzove akagara mudendere kwemazuva anoverengeka, uye izvi zvinofanira kuraswa.
Kana iwe ukasarudza kushambidza mazai, iwe uchada kuve nechokwadi kuti mvura inenge mabhirigirii 90 F. Kushambidza kwemvura kutonhora kunokonzera mazai mukati maro kuti avhutire uye kusvina tsvina nekusvibiswa kubva muhombe dzegorosi. Kushandisa mvura inotonhorera, zvakasiyana, inotanga ma pores uye inokumbira kusvibiswa mukati. Mvura inofanira kugara ichiyerera mazai paunenge uchigeza. Usambobvumira mazai kuti agare mumvura, akadzikiswa. Mushure mokugeza, pwisai mazai zvakakwana uye refrigerate.
Mazano Okudzivirira Salmonellosis
Kunyange zvazvo salmonellosis inogona kuitika panguva ipi zvayo yegore, njodzi inowedzera mumwedzi yezhizha kana kutonhora kunopisa kunopa nzvimbo yakakodzera yebhakitiriya. Pasinei nokuti iwe une veshivha mushure kana kuchengeta huku sevashandi vekurima, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvaungaita kuti uzvichengete wakachengeteka kubva kuSalmonella.
Mutungamiri pakati peiyi ndiwo mukurumbira wehwitchery kubva kwaunoita shiri dzako. Usambofa uchitenga huku huri mhuka kana mapiki kubva pane chimwe chinhu kunze kwekushaya hatchery yakavimbiswa neA USDA National Poultry Improvement Plan (USDA NPIP). Dzivisa varimi vasiri vimbiso, kusanganisira zvidimbu zvinoratidza varimi uye vamwe varimi vemashure.
Kudzivisa kuwana Salmonella kubva mukubata kana kutarisira boka rako:
- Geza bhagi rako nguva dzose, kusanganisira pasi, matendere, uye mapepa.
- Shandura zvokudya nemvura nguva dzose, zvakanaka zuva rega roga.
- Kupfeka magasi uye shangu dzinodzivirira paunenge uchichenesa mapepa.
- Nguva dzose geza maoko ako mushure mekutora huku kana kuunganidza mazai.
- Shamba maoko ako kunze kunze kwekicheni yekicheni.
- Shamba midziyo yekudyisa nemimwe mimwe midziyo yekurima kunze.
- Usadya kana kunwa munzvimbo dzinogara shiri kana kuti dzinofamba.
- Usabvumira shiri muimba, kunyanya apo zvokudya zvakagadzirirwa.
- Usabvumira vana kana vashanyi kuti vabata mapoka semhuka.
- Usapa vana vana sezvipo.
- Kuparadzanisa chero shiri ipi inorwara uye pakarepo taura newachiremba wako.
- Iva nechokwadi chokuti boka rako rakanyatsorongwa vachirwisana nehutachiona zvirwere.
- Kuchengetedza manyowa kwekudya kwemazuva masere makumi mashanu asati ashandisa semunda wekumunda. Penguva yekurapa, usarega kuwedzera mushonga mutsva kune wakaporeswa kana kupora murwi.
Kudzivirira kuwana salmonellosis kubva patsva, mazai emusha:
- Unganidza mazai kakawanda, zvakanaka kamwe kamwe mangwanani uye kamwe kamwe masikati.
- Kana ukageza mazai, itai kunze kunze kwekuti mukicheni yakadzika.
- Ramba chero mazai akanganisa kana asina kuchena.
- Usachengeta mazai kutonhorera kwemaawa anopfuura maawa maviri.
- Ika mazai zvakakwana. Usadya mazai mavara.
> Sources:
> Basler, C .; Nguyen, T .; Anderson, T .; Hancock, T .; uye Barton Behrahvesh, C. "Kubuda kwevanhu Salmonella Infections Associated na Live Poultry, United States, 1990-2014." Emerg Infect Dis. 2016; 22 (10): 1705-1711.
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Multistate Breakbreak of Human Salmonella Infections Unobatanidza Kuti Urarame Nyuchi Mumashure Makashure." Atlanta, Georgia; yakabudiswa musi waJuly 13, 2017.
> Elkhoraiba, C .; Blatchford. R .; Pitesky, M ;; uye Mench, J. "Nheyo dzekumaruwa muUnited States: Ongororo yevana vemakwai." Nyoka Vadzidzisi. November 1, 2014; 93 (11): 2920-2931.
> Dhipatimendi reU.S. Agriculture. "Serotypes Purogiramu yeSalmonella Inosanganiswa kubva kuMhuka uye Poultry Products, January 1998 kusvika munaDisemba 2014." Washington, DC; yakarongedzwa naAugust 11, 2016.
> Whiley, H. naRoss, K. "Salmonella uye Mazai: Kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika kuDhete." Int J Maererano neHurumende yeHurumende. March 2015; 12 (3): 2543-2556.