Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisisa zvemashoko zvinotarisana nemakore mashomanana apfuura ishoko rekoti rinogona kukubatsira kurarama kwenguva refu, zvichida nekuderedza zviitiko zvepfungwa zvakadai sekushaya mwoyo nekurohwa. Mushure mezvose - kangani mushonga uyu uri nyore kutora? Asi rudzii rwe chokoti rinonyanya kurapa?
Koco naVaIndia
Chokoti yakashandiswa pamishonga yemishonga kwezviuru zvemakore, asi kuonekwa kwayo kwemazuva ano sekudya kwakakwana kwemoyo-kwakauya pakutanga kwema1990.
Vatsvakurudzi veHarvard Medical School, vakatungamirirwa naNorman Hollenberg, vakaongorora kuti nei maIndia, aigara muSan Blas Islands kubva kuCaribbean gomo rePanama, aine dambudziko rekudzivirira ropa, kunyange nezera rinowedzera. Izvo zvakanga zviri chokwadi pasinei nehupamhi hwemunyu hunoshandiswa, izvo zvakapfuura izvo zvevanhu vazhinji vekuMadokero.
Kana Kunas yaive nemafuta ekugadzira maitiro ekutenderera kwehutano hwehutano hwakanaka, kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yemuguta panzvimbo yakakwirira haifaniri kuita chero musiyano. Asi yakaita - kuenda kumaguta kwakaenzana nekukwira kweropa, pamwe nekukura kwezera. Ongororo yakawedzera yakaratidza chiwi-chinogara Kunas chakararamawo kwenguva yakareba kudarika nyika yavo yakabereka, ine mitengo yakadzika yehutano hwepfungwa nekenza. Mushure mokubvumira zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sekushungurudzika nekushayikwa kwekusvibiswa, Hollenberg neboka rake vakapedzisa musiyano wakakosha zvikuru munharaunda yevaKaan yezvitsuwa zvekudya kwaiva zvokudya, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemazuva ose kushandiswa kwemapupi mashanu ecocoa, pamunhu.
Pane musiyano mukuru pakati peCocoa Kunas drink, uye cocoa uye chokoti vanhu vanowanzozvitenga mune zvekutengesa kana mune zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza - kunyanya nekuda kwekugadziriswa uye kugadzirwa kwayo.
Processing
Kocoji mbeu dzinokura sembeu yemichero yakafanana nemichero yemuorio. Mushure mekukanda uye kucheka, mbesa dzinogadziriswa mukumiswa kunonzi kocoa doro, yakagadzirwa necocoa bata (mafuta) uye zvisikwa.
Kufuridzira kunobvisa huwandu hwecocoa bhotela, zvichiita kuti iome yakaoma, yakaoma keke, iyo inowedzerwa mune zvatinoshandisa sehocoa powder.
Iyi poda ine zvakawanda zve flavanols, yemhuri ye flavonoids , kana antioxidants, iyo yakabva ichinzi ine dzakawanda zvehutano hunobatsira . Flavanols inopinda nenzira iyo nitric oxide inobudiswa mumuviri, ichibatsira mitsipa yeropa kuti igare yakadzikama, uye nokudaro nekuvandudza ropa richiyerera kusvika pamwoyo, uropi, nemagumo. Izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuputika uye kupararira kwezvakaipa zvinokonzera rusununguko zvinokonzerwa nguva dzose masero emabetabolism.
Panguva ino, poda yecocoa inoramba ichirwadza. Semugumisiro, inowanzorongwa nekurapa nea alkali - kazhinji soda bicarbonate, kana kubika soda - kuti iite rima, isingaiti mashizha, uye nyore nyore kusanganiswa muzvinwiwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo nzira yemakore mazana maviri, iyo inozivikanwawo se "Dutch-processing," yakaratidzwa kuparadza inoshandiswa flavanol zvakagadzirwa nepamusoro pe 80%. Nokudaro, chikamu chekocoa chiri mune chimwe chetiroti, kana iri 60%, 70% kana yakakwirira, haisi chiratidzo cherativo yayo, inotaura Hollenberg mubhuku re2007 mumagazini ino Circulation . Iye nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vezvokudya vakatsigira kunyora zvigadzirwa zvekotikiti nemafungiro e flavanol pane kudaro.
VaIndia vanonwa zvinodhaka zvikuru pamusha, usina kuputika necocoa powder, ine yakakwirira kwazvo flavanol mazinga.
Formulation
Imba yakasiyana-siyana yeCoo butter inosvika pakuvhunga kunokonzera kupisa kwemuviri wemunhu - kuchibvumira kuti "kunyunguduka mumuromo mako" - kunoita kuti inakidze. Mafuta ayo anowanikwa, zvisinei, anoisa chokoti-vanoda mukutanganisa kwekureruka kana vasingakwanisi kubhadhara iyo makori mune imwe nzvimbo. A 3 oz (100g) bar ya chokoti inowedzera mazana mashanu emakorikori (achienzaniswa ne12 chete makoriki mupuniki yecock unsweetened). Kuwedzera muviri kunowedzera njodzi yehutano hwehutano, chirwere cheshuga, uye kenza, saka usaedza kuwedzera upenyu hwako nokudya chokoti kana zvichiita kuti uwedzere.
Zvechokwadi, zvishoma zvishoma zvetikoroti zvingave zvakakwana pakuvandudza upenyu hurefu.
Pasi payo
Kutsvakurudza pamusoro pevanhu vechiIndia vechiIndia vemuPanama zvinoratidza kuti kocoa isina kuberekwa inogona kuva yakagadzikana kwazvo, zvichienderana nehupamhi hwehutavanhu. Sezvo flavanols inoparadzwa kuburikidza nemakemikari Dutch-processing kana alkalization, tsvaga kocoas yakanyorwa "yechisikigo," sezvo isina kubatwa ne alkali.
Sources:
Andres-Lacueva C., et al. "Flavanol uye flavonol zviri mukati mekocoo poda products: simba rekugadzira." J Agric Food Chem. 2008. May 14; 56 (9): 3111-7. Epub 2008 Apr 16.
Mhosva pamusoro peCocoa. US National Institutes of Health Information Sheets. http://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/aug2011/feature1
Kenneth B. Miller et al. Kukanganisa kweAlkalization pane Antioxidant uye Flavanol Content ye Commercial Cocoa Powders. J. Agric. Food Chem. , 2008, 56 (18), peji 8527-8533. DOI: 10.1021 / jf801670p.
Norman K. Hollenberg, MD, Ph.D. uye Naomi DL Fisher, MD. "Icho Chiri Mudhese Choshokoti?" Kurwisa. 2007; 116: 2360-2362. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/21/2360.full
K. Hollenberg N. Mushonga weCocoa flavanols kuvanhu: midzi yenyaya yacho. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Supplement 2: S99-102; kukurukurirana S119-21.