Mabheetsi ndiyo inonyanya kudyiwa nezvipembenene munyika yose
Kune vazhinji veAmerica, tarisiro yekuchera zvipembenene zvingaratidzika kunge yakarurama icky; zvisinei, tsika iyi, inozivikanwa sekuti entomophagy kana kusachengetedza, inowanzoonekwa munyika dzakawanda dzinotyisa uye dziri kusimukira. Zvechokwadi, mamwe mhando dzezvipembenene, sechindwe weevil, rudzi rwebhetete, dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinonakidza kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, dzakadai seAsia, Africa, neSouth America.
Hapana chikonzero chinonzwisisika chokuti veAmerica vanofanira kufungidzira kuongorora zvipembenene. Muzvokwadi, zvipembenene hazvisi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nema crustaceans, kana shellfish, izvo vanhu vanodya zuva nezuva. Insects uye shellfish zvose zvinonzi arthropods . Uyezve, vanhu vanokonzerwa nefrewfish, lobster , crab, uye dzimwe shellfish zvinogonawo kunge zvinokonzera zvipembenene, iyo inongoratidzira kuti kufanana kwakadini kwezvipembenene uye makustaceans chaizvoizvo asi kunoshanda sechinhu chinogona kuitika kuvanhu inokonzerwa nefishfish kuti isapinda zvipembenene zvinodya, zvakare.
Kakawanda, pane zvikonzero zvizhinji zvakanaka zvekudya zvikwata.
Chokutanga, zvikwata zvinokonzerwa nemaprotheni uye zvisikwa zvisina kuiswa , zvichiita kuti zvive zvakagadzirirwa zvekuku uye hove.
Chechipiri, kukohwa zvipembenene kune hukama hwakawanda hwemagariro pane kukura mhuka. Kunyanya, zvipfuwo zvinokonzera 14 kubva muzana yezvinomera zvekushisa gasi zvakabudiswa munyika yose zvichidaro zvichiita chikamu chakakura pakupisa kwepasi, izvo zvingaderedzwa kana vamwe vanhu vachidya mhombani pane nyama.
Chechitatu, pasi pose zvinoda mapuroteni zvinotarisirwa kudarika kaviri munyika dzichiri kusimukira ne2050. Vazhinji vagari venyika dzichiri kusimukira havagoni kudya nyama asi vanogona kutenga zvipembenene.
Chechina, kukohwa kwezvipembenene kunoumba mikana yezvemari yevanhu vanozviita munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Vakawanda vevanhu ava vakadzi vanogara mumaruwa.
Munyika yose, mhuka dzakawanda dzinowanzoshandiswa nemhando dzose dzezvipembenene, izvo zvinonzwisisika nokuti 40 muzana yezvipembenene zvose kunze uko ndezvinyuchi. Ngatitarisei mapoka mapoka matanhatu ezvipembenene zvinowanzoshandiswa mukutaridzika kwemaitiro. (Tapota cherechedza kuti mazita ezvipembenene zvirairo kana zvinyorwa zviri mumakabheti.)
1 - Beetles (Coleoptera)
Kazhinji, zvipembenene chete zvebeetle-uye zvisinganyatsogadziriswa-zvigamba zvinodyiwa nevanhu. MuCameroon, vakadzi vanokohwa muchinwe weevil vanoisa nzeve dzavo padanda remichindwe mukuedza kuteerera nekuda kwemaruva. Vakadzi vanoteerera zvikafu mune imwe nguva, iyo inoshandiswa zvikuru yekugadzira chikamu chekudya.
Mukuwedzera kune palm palm yeevil, kune dzimwe mhando dzakawanda dzebeetle dzinodyiwa pasi rose, kusanganisira mabhete emvura, mapuranga-kubvunda, uye maruva.
MuNetherlands, marudzi ehupenyu hwekudya-kunyanya, mhombwe shomanana yezvokudya, yellow yellowworm, uye superworm-zvinoshandiswa kudyisa zvinokambaira uye hove. Vanhu vari muNetherlands vanokurudzirwa kuti vadye zvipembenene zvakadaro nekuda kwekudya kwavo kwekudya, uye muzvitoro zvakasiyana, mhombwe yekudya inowanikwawo sekudya kwevanhu.
2 - Caterpillars (Lepidoptera)
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe tsika vachidya mabhurukuro akakura zvakakwana uye moths, vanhu vakawanda pasi rose vanodya vatsvaki ava vanovadya sehunhu kana mapoka. Semuenzaniso kuMexico, magomey magome anokosheswa nevarimi uye anotora apo mapundu. Izvi zvipembenene zvine utano zvine braised kana zvakadzika fried. Inogonawo kugoverwa nemafuta anonhuwira uye inoshandiswa mune tortilla. Izvi zvipuka zvinowanikwawo pakati pe "minye" inowanikwa muhombodo dzomudhakwa mezcal mezcal.
Mbira yakakurumbira zvikuru inodyiwa pasi pose ndiyo mupane caterpillar, inowanikwa mumapuranga eupane. The mopane woodlands inzvimbo yakakura yenyika inowedzera kuSouth Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Angola nezvimwe. Inofungidzirwa kuti mamiriyoni 9,5 mabhiriyoni anokohwa gore rega rega muAfrica yeAfrica nekukohwa $ 85 mamiriyoni gore mukutengesa.
3 - Masvosve, Nyuchi uye Ants (Hymenoptera)
Masvosve mhuka dzakaisvonaka dzinoshamisa uye dzisingabatsiri kubatsiro kuvanhu. Mukuwedzera pakuonekwa sechinhu chinonakidza munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, nyerere dzinobatanidzwawo mumakwikwi ezvemhepo uye inoratidzira kurwisa kwezvirimwa.
Mhino uye mhondi yemuvhiri wekuchenesa ndezvokudya zvakakurumbira muAsia apo dzinonzi "mazai anopisa." MuThailand, mazamu aya anotengeswa mune chinga! Pamusoro pezvo, nyere yakasvibirira, iyo inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzeChina, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India neSri Lanka, inoshandiswa sechinhu chinoshandiswa muzvokudya zvehutano uye toniki, zvinowanikwa mumashamba eChina.
MuJapan, mavanga ejekete jena, rudzi rwekuputika, inofadza uye zvigadzirwa, izvo, kunze kwekukohwa kuno, zvinoda kutengeswa kubva kuVietnam neAustralia kuzobatsira kugadzirisa zvinoda.
Zvinofadza kuti, pasinei nokuva neutano hwakanaka uye kupfuma mune amino acids, simba, zvicherwa zvinokosha uye mavitamini B , zvishomanana zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pezvingaita nenyuchi-pfungwa iwe, kwete uchi-sezvokudya. Sezvisikwa zvisikwa, nyuchi dzinogona kurimwa nyore nyore.
Izvo pamwe nemasope, mazai euchi, mapurova uye chiputi (pamwe chete anonzi sevana nyuchi) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yezvokudya zvezvipembenene kuchamhembe kweThailand. Kutaura zvazviri, kuchamhembe kweThailand, nyuchi dzinonyanya kukoshesa uye kunyanya dzinodhura pamusika.
4 - Gorosi, Mhashu uye Cricket (Orthoptera)
Mikana ndeipi kana iwe ukaona tsanga, iyo inodyiwa. Ikoko huwandu hwemazana makumi mapfumbamwe emhashu anowanikwa munyika yose ndeyekudya. Munyika yeWest Africa yeNiger, makatekiti anotengeswa mumugwagwa sezvokudya. Uyezve, muMexico, chitubu , icho chinonyanya kuzivikanwa kriketi muLatin America, chinoshambidzwa uye inogunzva mumonia, garlic, uye munyu kunonaka.
Mhashu dzinoitika mumapurms uye zvinoita nyore kubata. Nokuti mhashu dziri kutama, inongova kufara kwemaAfrica uye kuMiddle East. Mhuka dzakakurumbira dzezvikara zvinodyiwa dzinosanganisira mhashu dzine tsvuku, mhashu dzvuku, uye mhashu dzerenje. Nokuti mhashu dzinofungidzirwa sezvirwere, dzinowanzoputirwa ne organophosphate pesticides. Mhashu dzakasvibiswa nemishonga inouraya dzakabatwa muKaititi panguva yekukohwa.
Grasshoppers nemhashu dzinounganidzwa mangwanani-ngwanani nokuti dzinotonhora uye dzinoramba dzisina simba munguva yechando mangwanani-mangwanani.
Crickets zvakaoma kupura nokuti vane upenyu hurefu hupenyu. Nokudaro, mhando mbiri dzecricket dzakashambadzirwa nekutengeserana: Gryllus bimaculatus uye Acheta domesticus . Zvinonzwisisika, Cambodia yakagadzira ruzivo rwezvikwereti izvi zvekutengeserana uye inosarudza ivo kumaketeti akabatwa musango nokuti vanoti vanochera makakati vanonaka zviri nani. Imwe chokwadi chinonakidza: Mukuwedzera kudyiwa, makatekiti muChina anochengetwawo semhuka dzemhuka uye kutengesa mumakwikwi ekamba
5 - Cicadas (Hemoptera)
Kana iwe uchigara kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States, unogona kuziva nezve periodical cicadas. Muchirimo, marods emabhazi aya ane mapapiro anobhururuka kubva pasi mushure mekunge apedza makore anenge gumi ari muvhu achiyamwa muti wemuti. Zvokudya zvavo, izvo zvakapfuma mumiti, zvinopa cicadas sitiroka-seinhu inonaka kana ichidyiwa. Cicadas inogonawo kubikwa uye yakadzika yakaoma uye yakabikwa mu quiche, pies, uye cookies.
6 - Pentatomid Bugs (Heteroptera)
Pentatomid mishonga inowanzozivikanwa sezvikwidzi zvehove kana kuti zviputi zvinokonzera. Muzasi kweSahara Africa, pentatomid bugs dzinodyiwa zvakakangwa, uye mafuta anobva muhugoni anounganidzwa uye anoshandiswa kugadzira zvokudya.
Mhando dzakawanda dzepentatomid bug iyo inoshandiswa sekudya iri mumvura. MuMexico, somuenzaniso, mhando dzakawanda dzemvura yegungwa pentatomid inoshandiswa kuita ahuahutle , kana caviar yeMexico. Aya mahogi ane pentatomid yemvura yakasvibirirwa nevarimi.
> Sources:
> McGrew WC. Izvo 'Zvimwe Zvipfeko' Zvakadzokidzwazve: Insectivory muvanhu uye Vasingasviki vevanhu pamwe neEvolution of Human Diet. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu Evolution . 71: 4-11.
> Van Huis A. Zvokudya Zvipembenene Ndezveramangwana. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2016; 75: 294-305.
> Van Huis A et al. Zvidyidye zvinodyiwa: Mikana Yenguva Yemberi Yezvokudya Nekuchengetedza Zvokudya . Rome: FAO; 2013.
> Yen AL. Entomophagy uye Insect Kuchengetedza: Zvimwe Mifungiro Yekugadzira. Nyaya yeInsect Conservation. 2009; 13: 667-670.