Chimwe chezvakawanda zvakanyanya kufunga pamusoro pe yoga ndechokuti yakwegura zvikuru. Apo patinotanga kuita ma yoga asanas , isu tinowanzokurudzirwa kutenda kuti maumbirwo edu miviri yedu ari kutora inhengo yechitsika chekare, kufanana kwakafanana kwave kunofungidzirwa nekutangira kwemazana emakore. Asi apo pave pane chimwe chinhu chinonzi "yoga" kwenguva yakareba, inotakura zvisingambofananidzi kune zvatinoreva ikozvino neshoko.
Inguva yakareba sei iyo yakawanda yematambudziko ayo atinosangana nawo mukirasi yemazuva ano? Sezvarinosvika, zvichida haisi yakwegura zvikuru.
Asana muMagwaro Ekare
Pane magwaro akawanda anotsanangurwa kakawanda semafungiro efilosofi ekusimba kwenyama ye yoga, asi kutaura zvishomanana nezvekuita kwega yoga kunoitwa mazviri. Mune Bhagavad Gita , somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti mberi rinoshandiswa kureva chigaro. Saizvozvowo, muYoga Sutras yePatanjali , pamberi, imwe yejoga mairi masere masere , inoreva kugadzikana uye kugadzikana kugara kwekufungisisa, maererano nenyanzvi ye yoga Mark Singleton, munyori we Yoga Body: The Origin of Modern Posture Practice (2010), umo maanoongorora kushanduka kwe yoga kupinda munharaunda. Imwe nzvimbo yekare, Hatha Yoga Pradipika , "inotsanangura gumi nemasere, mairi gumi nematanhatu anogara pasi apa. Inokurudzira vana vavo kupfuura vamwe vose (siddha, padma, simha uye bhadra): izvi zvose zvakagara pasi kufungisisa," anodaro Singleton.
Recent Advent of Asana
Saka kana isingarondedzwi mumagwaro ekare, yoga yakabva kupi? Kutsvakurudza kwaS Singleton kunogumisa kuti yoga asana sezvatinoziva nhasi yakava mukuenzanirana nhoroondo yezvino, kuburikidza nekutenderera kwezvinhu zvinosanganisira maitiro emarudzi ose emitambo yezana remakore rechi19, iro rakaunza mumagadziro matsva akawanda uye rakasimbisa tsika dzomuviri, simba yekoloni yeBrithani gymnastic conditioning (kunyanya pamusoro pemaonero akamira) muIndia, nekusimudzirwa kwemaIndia emunyika yekoloni, iyo yakatsvaga kuziva uye kukurudzira maitiro evanhu vomunharaunda.
Nhoroondo ya Singleton inosimbisa simba guru reT. Krishnamacharya pane zvemazuva ano yemaga yoga. Dzidziso yaKrishnamacharya, yakagoneka kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweMaharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar yeMysore, yakabudirira muma1930 uye 40s paMysore Palace sechikamu chekudzidzisa kwevakomana vaduku, kunyanya yevadzidzi vechidiki.
Kukosha kweMesore
NE Sjoman's 1996 study, The Yoga Tradition ye Mysore Palace , inopa kunyatsotarisa kutarisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu akabvumira Krisnamacharya maitiro e yoga kuchinjwa uye kuparidzira, zvikurukuru kuburikidza nevadzidzi vake vane simba BKS Iyengar naK. Pattabhi Jois . Sjoman, nyanzvi yeSanskrit aigara muIndia kwemakore mazhinji, kusanganisira makore mashanu muPune munguva iyo yaakadzidza naIngar, akabvumirwa nemhuri yeWodeyar kuti ibudise chikamu chechinyorwa chinobva ku Mysore palace rinonzi Sritattvanidhi . Yakasikwa imwe nguva pakati pe1811 na1868, iyi manuscript inoratidzira uye inonzi 121 asanas. Vakawanda vanoonekwa semafambiro atinoita mazuva ano, kunyange vazhinji vari pasi pemazita akasiyana. Sjoman anorondedzera simba rekudzidzisa maitiro anoshandiswa navaIndia vadzivisi pamatambudziko akawanda, uyewo kupa uchapupu hwokuti Krishnamacharya ainge aonekwa neEuropean style gymnastics curriculum panguva yake achishanda yogashala paimba.
Hakuna Sjoman kana Singleton anowana uchapupu hwe Yoga Korunta iripo, iyo yekare yakanyorwa naKrishnamacharya naJois kuti ndiyo yakabva nzira iyo Jois yaakadana Ashtanga Yoga.
Tsika Dzakasimba
Kana iwe uchiona mavhidhiyo evechiduku Pattabhi Jois uye BKS Iyengar vachiita maitiro ekuyerera e yoga sezvakagadzirwa naKrishnamacharya (iripo paIndaneti), zvinonakidza kuziva kuti kusati kwamboita kushanduka kwakave sei kunyange mumakore makumi matanhatu adarika. Kunyange zvazvo Jois naIngar vasingatenderwi vatenzi vesafa, kufamba kwavo kunoratidzika kunge kusinganzwisisiki, kunyange kutadza. Hapana chimwe chenguva-dhanhe-senyasha yatakauya kuzoyemura mumakore achangopfuura.
Uchapupu hunoratidza kushandurwa kwe yoga asana kubva kune zvishoma zvigaro zvinokonzera kudhanha kunoyerera kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kusvika kune imwe yadzo yatakagara tave nayo yakaitika zvikuru mumakore mazana maviri apfuura, kuwedzera mukupfuura kwezana remakore-zana, kugadzirisa tsika kunoratidzika kusina kunaka . Kunzwisisa shanduko sechikamu chemugoga wegaga kunogona kutibvumira kusunungura kushamwaridzana kwedu nekukosha kwenhoroondo uye kuona kuti tsika yacho inoramba ichikudziridza sei. Sjoman inoreva izvi sechinhu chakasimba, kunyatsogadzirisa midzi ye yoga munguva yakapfuura uye inogara ichichinja.
Sources:
Singleton, Mark. Yoga Mutumbi: Kutanga Kwemazuva Ano Maitiro Anoshanda . Oxford University Press, 2010.
Singleton, Mark. Personal mail, October 2012.
Sjoman, NE, The Yoga Tradition yeThe Mysore Palace . Abhinav Publications, New Delhi. Yokutanga Edition 1996, Second Edition 1999.