Ifilosofi ye yoga sutras yePatanjali
I Y oga Sutras yePatanjali inofungidzirwa kuti yakanyorerwa munenge mugore ra 250 CE. Kunyange zvazvo vasingatauri zvakananga nezvega yoga maitiro maitiro, ivo vanowanzotaurwa semafungiro ekuzivikanwa kwemazuva ano ega postga yoga. Iyo sutras inotsanangura masere "masimba" e yoga. (Izwi rechiSanskrit rine mairi masere ndiro Ashtanga .) Chimwe nechimwe chinosangana nechimwe chinhu chekuwana upenyu hune hutano uye hunogutsa, uye umwe neumwe anovaka pane imwe iyo isati yasvika, kurondedzera nzira yevanoda yegi kutevera.
Iyo mirayiridzo inobva pane zvinokosha uye zvisingaoneki zvisikwa zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva kusvika kune zvakakwirira kusvika pakujekeswa. Iwe unogona kushamiswa kuona kuti imwe chete yemakumbo ine hanya nekushanda kwe yoga postures. Kuuya kwehukuru hwenyama hatha ye yoga iko chaizvoizvo kukurumidza kufambira mberi mune yega yoga yakareba kare.
Miti masere ndeyotevera:
1. Yama
Aya ma mashanu ndeavo mazano ekutsika akafanirwa kutungamirira maitiro evarapi kune vamwe. Vari:
- Ahimsa : Kusvibisa kune vamwe. Ahimsa inowanzotaurwa sekupokana kwekusarudza mhuka yemidziyo.
- Satya : Kutendeseka.
- Asteya : Kwete kuba kune vamwe. Kunyangwe izvi zvichida zvine zvaireva pakutanga, zvakatowedzera kureva kusaisa vamwe pasi kuti uzvivakire pachako.
- Brahmacharya : Chastity. Kunyangwe izvi zvinoreva kubatira kana kuti kungoita zvekuda zvepabonde zvinoshandiswa kududzira.
- Aparigraha : Usachiva izvo vamwe vane.
2. Niyama
Kunyange zvazvo yamas inotungamirira mafambiro evanhu kune vamwe, maNyamas anorondedzera maitiro ekuita zvetsika kune iwe pachako. Pamwe chete, izvi zvikamu zviviri zvemitemo zvakagadzirirwa kutungamira kune imwe nzira yekurarama yakarurama. Heinoi niyamas:
- Saucha : Utsanana. Zvakare, zvichida chinoreva chaicho pakutanga asi ine shanduro yemazuva ano kuchengeta vavariro dzako dzakachena.
- Santosa : Kugutsikana iwe pachako.
- Tapas : kuzvidzora. Kuva nekuzvipira kusimbisa tsika.
- Svadhyaya : Self-study. Kuva nechivimbo chekutarisa mukati memhinduro dzako.
- Isvara pranidhana : Kuendesa kune simba rakakwirira. Kunyangwe ihwo ihwo huMwari kana kugamuchirwa kwekuti nyika inotungamirirwa nemasimba kunze kwekutonga kwedu ndeye kwauri.
3. Asana
Muitiro wega yoga postures, kunyange zvazvo zvichifanira kuonekwa kuti munguva yaPatanjali shoko rokuti pre raireva chigaro. Mamiriro ezvinhu anozivikanwa panguva iyoyo angangodaro akagara panzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa kufungisisa. Kubudirira kwezvinhu zvataizoziva semasikirwo emazuva ano egaga zvakaitika zvikuru gare gare.
4. Pranayama
Muitiro wokufema maitiro . Kusarudza kudzora kufema kwezvimwe zviitiko.
5. Pratyahara
Kubviswa kwemashoko, kureva kuti nyika yekunze haisi kukanganisa kubva mukati memo mukati mega.
6. Dharana
Kuisa pfungwa, kureva kukwanisa kuisa pfungwa pane chimwe chinhu chisingavhiringidziki nekunze kwekunze kana mukati. Dharana anovaka pa pratyahara. Kana ukangokwanisa kusava nehanya nekunze, iwe unogona kutanga kutungamirira huno hanya kune imwe nzvimbo.
7. Dhyana
Kufungisisa. Kuvaka pane dharana, iwe unokwanisa kuwedzera hutanda hwako kupfuura chimwe chinhu kuitira kuti zvive zvose-zvakapoteredza.
8. Samadhi
Bliss. Mushure mokunge mawana dhyana, kuwedzerwa kwezvako kuburikidza nokufungisisa kunogona kutanga. I-self-merges nezvose, iyo dzimwe nguva inoshandurwa sechiedza.
Sources:
Chiedza paHupenyu , BKS Iyengar, 2005.
Yoga: Iyengar Way , Mira Silva naShyam Mehta, 1990.
Yoga Muviri: Kutanga Kwemazuva Ano Maitiro Anoshanda , Mark Singleton, 2010